Several studies have explored the role of social media - particularly TikTok - in the rise of ADHD self-diagnosis and the spread of misinformation. While I’ve been critical of past research - not because the findings were inherently wrong, but because the underlying assumptions often carried a pre-existing bias that shaped their conclusions - I find this latest study offers a more nuanced perspective.
Previous studies have sometimes misclassified lived experiences as misinformation, reflecting a clinician-centric viewpoint that overlooks the realities of ADHD, while misinterpreting common parlance ("out of sight, out of mind"). However, this research does a better job capturing the double-edged nature of ADHD awareness on social media - where engagement and visibility often take precedence over accuracy.
Even I, as someone deeply invested in ADHD advocacy, have grown frustrated with the oversimplified "You have ADHD if…" videos that dominate my feed.
How ADHD Content on TikTok is Shaping Perceptions
A recent study explores ADHD-related content on TikTok, revealing how millions of users engage with short-form videos about ADHD symptoms, self-diagnosis, and treatment strategies. With the #ADHD hashtag amassing nearly half a billion views, social media has become a primary source of ADHD information—but how accurate is it?
Key Findings from the Study
1. The Popularity of ADHD Content on TikTok
- The top 100 ADHD TikTok videos collectively received nearly 500 million views.
- Many creators frequently post ADHD-related videos, with 79.2% producing multiple pieces of content on the topic.
- Half of these content creators monetize their ADHD content, selling ADHD-related products or accepting donations.
2. ADHD Misinformation: Are TikTok Videos Spreading Inaccurate Claims?
- Less than 50% of ADHD claims in top videos aligned with DSM-5 diagnostic criteria.
- 93.9% of videos provided no credible sources, making it difficult to verify the accuracy of the information.
- Many ADHD symptoms described in viral videos were generalized traits or transdiagnostic symptoms, often not exclusive to ADHD.
3. ADHD TikTok Consumption & Self-Diagnosis
- Self-diagnosed individuals watched significantly more ADHD TikToks than those with formal diagnoses.
- Participants overestimated ADHD prevalence, with an average estimate of 33.8% of the general population, much higher than medically established rates.
- Watching ADHD-related content was linked to stronger beliefs in ADHD symptom severity, even among non-ADHD viewers.
4. How Young Adults Rate ADHD TikTok Content vs. Psychologists
- Young adults rated ADHD TikTok videos more favorably than clinical psychologists.
- Frequent TikTok viewers were more likely to recommend ADHD videos, regardless of whether they contained misinformation.
- Even the least accurate ADHD videos received high engagement, reinforcing potential misinformation loops.
5. ADHD Misinformation & Its Psychological Effects
- Watching ADHD TikToks increased confidence in self-diagnosis, even among those without ADHD.
- Non-ADHD participants became less sure about not having ADHD after watching these videos.
- Viewing a psychologist’s evaluation of TikTok content helped non-ADHD participants regain confidence, but had little effect on self-diagnosed individuals.
Final Thoughts: Balancing ADHD Awareness & Misinformation
TikTok is a powerful tool for mental health awareness and ADHD advocacy, but it also serves as an unchecked source of misinformation. While it can help reduce stigma and build communities, the lack of clinical oversight may fuel self-diagnosis trends and misunderstandings about ADHD.
For anyone consuming ADHD content on social media, it’s essential to balance lived experiences with evidence-based information.
Mental health professionals and ADHD advocates must engage with these platforms to provide accurate, accessible resources to ensure that ADHD awareness doesn’t come at the cost of misinformation.
A double-edged hashtag: Evaluation of #ADHD-related TikTok content and its associations with perceptions of ADHD
Karasavva V, Miller C, Groves N, Montiel A, Canu W, et al. (2025) A double-edged hashtag: Evaluation of #ADHD-related TikTok content and its associations with perceptions of ADHD. PLOS ONE 20(3): e0319335. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0319335